During a class I attending yesterday, the Instructor had everyone doing one-legged pedaling drills... one legged as in pedaling with one foot un-clipped and held out to the side or rested on the frame.
That's wrong/contraindicated... isn't it?
My initial reaction was to do what I normally do in this situation, I would just ignore his cue. Unfortunately I was setup in the dead center of the room and I quickly saw that I would be the one rider (of about thirty) NOT riding with just one leg. So I popped my left foot out and joined everyone else.
OK, so what's wrong with this? Was my first thought, as I began focusing on smoothing out my pedal stroke. This feels like what I remember from riding my old Schwinn Paramount road bike, on a trainer, back in the 90's
Looking around the room, I didn't see anyone riding with any difficulty or appear to be off balance or unsafe. All I saw were cyclists doing exactly what they're supposed to be doing during one-legged drills; trying to make up for the missing leg's influence at the "dead spots" in the pedal rotation - which is the purpose of the exercise. This wasn't a class of cyclists, but rather the typical diverse group of club athletes we all see each week.
So why is one-legged cycling viewed as contraindicated in our classes?
I did a few Google searches for "one-legged indoor cycling class" and found a number of articles, from knowledgeable people, recommending against removing (un-clipping) one foot while pedaling here, here, and here. That last link is from pdf from Spinning called Keep if Safe and includes this:
PEDAl STROKE
Do not pedal backwards or with one foot out of the toe cage or cleat. Pedaling with one leg is an advanced drill that elite cyclists practice on trainers–not fixed-gear bikes like the Spinner bike. On a Spinner bike, these drills have absolutely no benefit, since muscles work the same and burn equal numbers of calories pedaling forward and backward.
While I completely agree that pedaling backwards is dumb/goofy, pedaling with one leg is a very commonly recommended technique, for cyclists of any level.
Another Google search returns dozens of articles and videos advocating for this exercise. None of them issue any caution that this is an exercise reserved for a professional, on the contrary. It's the new cyclist who needs to learn to pedal properly and efficiently.
Here's none other than Joe Friel describing his recommended pedaling drills:
Let”™s get rid of the energy wasters in this Base period. Drills will help you to pedal better. Following are the common ones I use with the athletes I coach. They may be mixed together in a single workout or each may be done by itself as a workout.
* Isolated leg training (ILT) drill. This is the quintessential pedaling drill, the one you should do a lot in the early weeks of Base. It”™s done on an indoor trainer. Unclip one foot and rest it on a chair next to the bike so you are left to pedal with only one leg. With the bike in a low (easy) gear turn the crank at a comfortable cadence. The first thing you”™ll notice is that getting through the top of the stroke, the 12-o”™clock position, is difficult. Focus on smoothing this top transition. At first you may only last a few seconds before the hip flexors fatigue. When that happens switch to the other leg. When it fatigues clip both feet in and pedal for a few minutes applying what you have learned in the single-leg pedaling. Repeat the drill several times throughout the workout.
While I'm the first to raise my hand and say; "just because Joe Friel says something, it doesn't automatically mean that it's applicable to our classes", I'm using him as an example of the clear conflict between what's recommended for indoor cycling vs. outdoor cyclists. Mr. Friel says this is the quintessential peddling drill (representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality) and yet others are saying this will hurt your participants - or is completely useless.
So where's the concern coming from?
Clearly there's a fundamental difference between a bicycle on a trainer and an Indoor Cycle. The bicycle has a freewheel that prevents the monument of the drive-train from pedaling you = you have control to easily stop the rotation. Indoor Cycles (with the exception of the CycleOPs) are fixed gear. The perceived (rightly) danger comes from the heavy, weighted flywheel spinning out of control and potentially carrying the loose pedal into the free leg of the rider.
So why didn't that appear to be a problem yesterday?
We were riding indoor cycles with magnetic resistance. I perceive this has two design differences that mitigate the safety issues that exist, as compared to Indoor Cycles that use friction resistance. If you've had the chance to ride (or your club has updated to) the Schwinn AC, Keiser M3 or Freemotion S11 you'll probably recognise the following;
- My perception (and I've ridden everything) is that magnetic cycles have less rotational flywheel inertia than friction. By design, the weighting of the flywheel of friction cycles is around the perimeter, which creates a greater amount of inertia = harder to control or stop. Magnetic cycles have either a smaller flywheel (M3) or in the case of the AC and S11, the outer diameter is aluminum. In all three there's a feeling of less of the flywheel's influence / control of your pedals.
- The amount of resistance created by the magnets increases with RPM = you don't see run-away pedals, even starting with a very low level of resistance.
Is this right for your class?
If you're teaching on a magnetic cycle, you'll have to decide for yourself if you want to add Single/Isolated leg training drills into your class. I wouldn't consider this if you are on friction resistance cycle.
Start by experimenting alone by yourself. Spend some time practicing with one foot detached. How does if feel to you? Could you safely introduce this into your class? Maybe as part of the warmup? How would you cue this?
I'm going to begin on Thursday. My initial thoughts are to offer it, with a modification to stay clipped in of course. I'll find a fun track around 70ish RPM, have everyone dial on a nice flat road feel - just below their base wattage and let everyone experience what it feels like.
I'll let you know the classes reaction 🙂
NOTE: If you're teaching on the FreeMotion S11.9 cycles, the power readings will be disrupted with either foot un-clipped. You'll want to explain to your class that the power is measured off the left crank. Removing the left foot and using just your right, results in near zero wattage displayed. Peddling with just the left foot appears to confuse the computer and I was seeing what looked like double the wattage. Both the Schwinn AC and Keiser M3 will display correctly.
Originally posted 2018-06-09 12:25:06.
John is a member on the AFS (Association of Fitness Studios) Advisory Council.
Holding certifications from; Schwinn, Heart Zones, Team ICG and Life Time Fitness, John's held regularly scheduled cycling classes between 1998 and 2015 when he moved to Florida.
When the weather permits, you'll find him riding and leading outdoor groups by himself or with his Tandem partner (wife) Amy.
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I used to do these back in the day with weighted flywheels and luckily never had any accidents. The bigger problem was the amount of time it took for toe clip riders to get their foot back in, talk about a akward flow killer!
I quickly adapted the drill by simply keeping both feet on pedals and just cuing a focus on one leg. If we are focusing on the right leg: “minimize the use of the left,” “try to off-load the left leg just enough on the upstroke to minimize pedal pressure,” etc.
Although the use of “pedal stroke drills” and “pedaling circles” to improve cycling performance is hotly debated, doing it in this manner certainly can’t hurt anyone from an injury standpoint.
You didn’t mention how much difficulty you had getting yourself clipped back in without, as Doug mentioned, disrupting the flow. In my estimation, it isn’t so much that holding your leg away from the bike is the hard part (although try asking an overweight participant to do that), it is safely getting back into the pedal that is really challenging.
I just asked everyone to stop 🙂
Sorry John, but ignoring any safety concerns, I see little benefit for one-legged peddling in an indoor class on fix-gear bikes. If the bikes were able to free-wheel, then that is a different discussion.
The flywheels of the magnetic resistance bikes may be lighter and carry less inertia, but there is still inertia. With the fixed-gear, that inertia will carry over to the pedals. So attempts to use one-legged pedalling to ‘smooth out the pedal stroke’ are mitigated by the pedals continuing on their own.
I do one-legged pedalling drills when on my road bikes (whether on the trainer or on the road). There is a very different feel in the pedals on the road bike compared to the indoor bike.
No, for me (and my classes), one-legged drills will remain outside or on free-wheel bikes indoors. I just don’t see any benefit.
Thanks for weighing in Stephen – what do you teach on?
My experience on the FreeMotion I was riding at the time, was that the feeling was nearly identical to riding my road bike = I found it very valuable. There was no feeling that the flywheel was pedaling me, only the feeling that I have have some more work to do.
Doug – While I agree that you can cue focusing on a single leg, there’s (IMO) no substitute for taking away any assistance and forcing one leg to do all the work. If you haven’t in a while. suggest giving this a try. You might be as surprised as I was.
Stephen, totally agree, no doubt on a freewheel bike, SLPD’s are much more challenging. Which “may” be a great reason to do them on fixed gear indoor bikes with beginners or everyday avg. people(as long as they use appropriate resistance/cadence). They could use a little “help” with the drill. Let us not forget that many traditional roadies ride fixed gear bikes in the off-season to improve their “spin,” which can involve plenty of momentum assistance.
John, no doubt taking the leg away has a much greater effect, just not practical where I am. And again to the best of my knowledge(and I have not looked in a while), there is no concrete science to prove that SLPD’s have any effect at all on pedaling performance, but plenty of coaches and athletes who “feel” like it works. And it very well may for some and not for others.
I have cut them out of my own training rides but still teach them occasionally in classes with my modification. In the end, it is the instructor who has to decide the risk and reward(podcast #98 and #99).
John, I have been teaching on Keiser M3 for about 4 years now. Prior to that, LeMond. Definitely the M3 feels ‘better’ but there is still a significant difference compared to a free-wheel bike. Perhaps because of my own situation, I am very sensitive to that difference.
I have had a couple of surgeries on one hip (last was total replacement). A prior surgery resulted in nerve damage to the leg; and then the replacement surgery a numbers of years ago. The surgeries have left me challenged to fully lift my one leg (hip flexion). Indoors on the M3 it is very easy to turn the pedals smoothly regardless of fatigue level, duration or tension. As long as I am able to maintain a cadence of about 60+ rpm. The higher the cadence, the easier it is to maintain a smooth pedal. Even on the M3.
On a free-wheel bike (outside, or on a trainer), I need to remain focused. I can often retain some semblance of a smooth pedal with that focus. Even then, after a couple of minutes, I start feeling the skip/pause as I start to have difficulty getting the pedal around. If my cadence gets too low, it is difficult to do the drill – leg stops/slows coming around. But if my cadence gets too high, the leg feels like it is being thrown straight up and then cannot make the transition across the top of the pedal stroke. It has taken me a number of years to get to that point, post-surgery.
Stephen I’m sorry to hear about your challenges with your hip – doesn’t sound fun to deal with. I have a few friends I ride with who have similar surgeries and I see that skip/pause/jerkiness you’re describing. I’ve discussed it with one who’s continuously frustrated by it. He says it doesn’t hurt him, but it sure looks painful.